ACTH | adrenocorticotrop(h)ic hormone |
ADP | adenosine 5'-diphosphate |
AMP | adenosine 5'-monophosphate |
ATP | adenosine 5'-triphosphate |
ATPase | adenosine triphosphatase |
cAMP | cyclic AMP |
cDNA | complementary DNA |
DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
EDTA | ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid |
EGTA | ethyene glycol bis(β-aminoethylether)N,N,N',N,-tetraacetic acid |
FAD | flavin adenine dinucleotide |
FADH2 | reduced form of FAD |
GDP | guanosine 5'-diphosphate |
GMP | guanosine 5'-monophosphate |
GTP | guanosine 5'-triphosphate |
Hb | hemoglobin |
HEPES | 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid |
LD50 | median lethal dose (lethal for 50% of test subjects) |
ln, loge | natural logarithm |
log | logarithm |
mRNA | messenger RNA |
NAD | nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide |
NAD+ | oxidized form of NAD |
NADH | reduced form of NAD |
NADP | NAD phosphate |
NADP+ | oxidized form of NADP |
NADPH | reduced form of NADP |
PAGE | polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
PCR | polymerase chain reaction |
pH | negative log of hydrogen-ion concentration |
Pi, PPi | inorganic phosphate, inorganic pyrophosphate |
pK | negative log of dissociation constant |
polyA | poly(adenylic acid) or polyadenylate |
RNA | ribonucleic acid or ribonucleate |
RNase | ribonuclease |
rRNA | ribosomal RNA |
SD | standard deviation |
SDS | sodium dodecyl sulfate |
SEM, SE | standard error of the mean, standard error |
Tris | tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane |
tRNA | transfer RNA |
UDP | uridine 5'-diphosphate |
UMP | uridine 5'-monophosphate |
UTP | uridine 5'-triphosphate |
UV | ultraviolet |